Which type of water hardness is caused by chloride and sulfate salts of calcium and magnesium and is not removed by boiling or filtering?

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Prepare for the WJEC GCSE Chemistry Exam with multiple choice questions and detailed explanations. Enhance your knowledge and boost your confidence. Get exam-ready today!

Multiple Choice

Which type of water hardness is caused by chloride and sulfate salts of calcium and magnesium and is not removed by boiling or filtering?

Explanation:
Hardness in water comes in two forms. Temporary hardness comes from dissolved bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium, and boiling removes it because heating drives off CO2 and converts bicarbonates to carbonates that precipitate. Permanent hardness, on the other hand, is due to chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium. These salts stay dissolved when you boil or filter, so the hardness remains. So the type described is permanent hard water.

Hardness in water comes in two forms. Temporary hardness comes from dissolved bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium, and boiling removes it because heating drives off CO2 and converts bicarbonates to carbonates that precipitate. Permanent hardness, on the other hand, is due to chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium. These salts stay dissolved when you boil or filter, so the hardness remains. So the type described is permanent hard water.

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